DOUBLE IDENTITY: MARRIED IN SCHOOL, SINGLE AT HOME

DOUBLE IDENTITY: MARRIED IN SCHOOL, SINGLE AT HOME
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Thinking about this topic, I’ve been wondering who the focus of this post should be – girls or guys or both. In almost every tertiary institution in Nigeria, you find ‘undergraduate couples’ living as husbands and wives. You find a lot of these misguided people in virtually all schools. It’s so bad that, often times,they are duly recognised and acknowledged as couples by lodge neighbours, classmates and even leaders of various students associations.


Little wonder there is such an award as “The best couple of the year award” shamelessly and thoughtlessly received by students. Like I said earlier, I really don’t know the particular gender to address but let me just keep typing. 


The rate at which girls live with their boyfriends in their various off campus hostels is painfully alarming. Most times, these young girls are very beautiful, with bright and promising future.They cohabit with boys who are their fellow students as roommates. The lugubrious part of it is that the silly girl would always introduce the small boy as her fiancé..Our society is really sick courtesy of those that live in it. These girls collect either hostel fees or house rents from unsuspecting (and sometimes, struggling)parents and end up in the house of a boy. 


You struggled possibly for several years to gain admission. Then you suddenly became a prayer warrior posting and shouting ‘Amen’ at the slighted provocation. You fasted. You had one prayer filled with promises of your loyalty and devotion to Allah if only He would answer your prayer. Now that He has fulfilled His part by answering and granting you admission, don’t you think He is expecting you to fulfill your own part, to keep whatever promises you made to Him??.


Many of you just got admission and once you settle down (especially from your second year), crazy thoughts will begin to creep into your minds. Yes by then, the heat of the rush would have been over; If ALLAH didn’t capture you (possibly through the various islamic programs), boys would have caught you.


Soon, they would persuade you to move in with them. Of course, they’d give you one thousand reasons to make you give in to their prodding..Before you agree to move in and live with a boy on campus, consider the reason why you are in school in the first place. 


What image would you be creating about yourself? 

or will you resort to series of abortions like many other girls before you? 

What advice will you give your children in future concerning this kind of things? After school, what next? Will the relationship really lead you anywhere?.


Meanwhile this post would be incomplete if Muslims sisters and brothers who claimed to be ahlu'sunnah. You see their very long hijab and jumping trousers who disguises under Sunnah and perpetrates their selfish desires in such a way Islam does not accept.


These sisters marries in schools without their parent's consent. Some says because my father is a non-Muslim and you cannot marry a daughter from a kaafir. Therefore their sheikh or their imam stands as Waliyu for the sisters. What an idea! You can marry a daughter of Non-Muslim but never from him. The partetic thing is that, I have heard several cases of different sisters of such situation who were later dumped after graduation from school, saying it is a divorce. What a stylish use and dump game under the disguise of Sunnah or Islam and they say it is a way of Salafiyah.. 


Do you know what? Ladies, girls, and Sisters are always at the loosing end. YOU MUST START TO THINK.


This post is finally addressing the female folks. I didn’t plan it that way. Maybe it’s because they are the worst hit by the grave consequences of illicit sexual relationships. They are the ones that turn out to be the sore losers in the end. They call it school life but they don’t realize how idiotic they have been till it’s too late. You are not in school to get married. Part of the reasons why you are in school IS NOT to get the husband-and-wife experience, to see what it feels like for the boy to provide the money for food and for the girl to go to the market for food stuffs and cook. That’s pure misplacement of purpose! 


One guy told me that he was practically learning how tobe a caring and romantic husband. Such shameless! Then you hear the girl say, “We are not doing anything, we are just roommates”. Yet she commits countless abortions before graduation..Yes, your admission has given you unlimited freedom.


Yes, your parents are not there to tell you what to do or what not to do. There is even no blood relation around, so there's no fear of someone reporting you. But what about giving your womanhood respect and protecting your dignity? 


What about living in such a way as to have a positive story to tell the next generation (including your children) without your conscience pricking you? 

What about guarding and keeping your virginity till you are married?

What Goes Around Will Definitely Come Around....


If you would be married while in school, there is nothing bad in that, JUST TAKE THE RIGHT STEP !!!


Let your parents at home know what you are into!!!


May Allah ease our affairs!!!


Why not exercise a moment of thorough thinking....


My dear sister in islam let b very careful and abstain ourselve 4rm a shameless act.


May Allah reward us abundantly and bestow us with His understanding and piety. . Ameen


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MAULID NABIY: INNOVATION OR AN ACT OF WORSHIP

MAULID NABIY: INNOVATION OR AN ACT OF WORSHIP

In the name of Allah the most gracious the most merciful

The huge controversy surrounding the celebration of Maulid Nabiy could not be claimed to have been an issue between the lovers of the Prophet and his haters. Many things have been said and written concerning this subject-matter, where its supporters postulate that such event would serve as a spiritual gathering that binds together the hearts of the Muslims, and also a time of self assessment on the extent to which one clings to the Sunnah of the Prophet. Despite the fact that it has become centuries-old, the subject-matter of Maulid gains momentum in the caucus of the Muslim scholars across all ages. Practically, therefore, no significant contribution it will add to knowledge if we open up a debate on it afresh. However, there is still a room for discussion, especially to remind ourselves about the rulings of Sharia with regards to any religious affairs.

Since the celebration of Maulid Nabiy is regarded as an act over which one expects a reward from Allah, it has, no doubt, become Ibadah. This article is, therefore, meant to clarify this misconception.

It is a fundamental belief in Islam that the Prophet Muhammad was sent by Allah with a perfect and complete message to be our role model; hence his duty manifests in explaining what we need to know as Muslim about religion. He did not leave any ambiguity in the message and thus no room for changes. He said in one of his traditions:

"Every single prophet that was sent had to tell his nation the good that he knew so that they could follow it and the bad that he knew so that they could stay away from it."

Also he said:

"There is nothing that brings you closer to Allah except that I have told you about it, and there is nothing that takes you away towards the fire of hell except that I have warned you against it."

These two Hadiths imply that the Prophet (S.A.W) has completely discharged his duty as a Messenger and left no stone unturned to convey the Message. He was also reportedly said on his farewell pilgrimage pointing his index towards the sky: “Have I not conveyed the message? Oh Allah! Be my witness”. To this, Allah the Almighty attests when He says:

“Today I have perfected your religion for you” Q5 v3.

Perfection in this context indicates its completion without any flaw or defect of any kind, and that it has come to a stage where it could not be done any better. It is totally unique, radically distinctive, and highly unusual. On this basis, no Muslim, regardless of his rank, title and degree, is expected to come and claim to have known or discovered a better way to worship Allah besides what the Prophet has brought and taught. If he does, it will mean one of two things:

1- that the prophet did not completely deliver the message,
2- or he knows more and could do better than the Prophet

This certainly is an act of disbelief (wal- iyaadhu billah) which I believe no true Muslim would knowingly mean to do so. There was an instance of three men among the companions, who came to ask about the ibadah the prophet, May peace and blessing of Allah be on him:

Narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim on the authority of Anas bin Malik (May Allah be pleased with him) that a group of three men came to the houses of the wives of the Prophet asking how the Prophet worshipped (Allah), and when they were informed about that, they seemed to belittle it saying: "Where are we from the Prophet as his past and future sins have been forgiven." Then one of them said, "I will offer the prayer throughout the night forever." The other said, "I will fast throughout the year and will not break my fast." The third said, "I will keep away from women and will not marry forever." Allah's Messenger (PBUH) (upon hearing the incidents, summoned them and) asked, 'Are you the same people who said so-and so? By Allah! Indeed, I am the one who fears Allah the most amongst you, and the most pious of you; yet, I fast and break my fast, I pray and I sleep, and I marry women. So, he who opposes my Sunnah" is not from me.

These companions were not actually arrogant neither did they want to disregard the Prophet or his message; except that they thought they could do even better than him. However, the Prophet reprimanded them, regardless of their good intention, on the ground that they wanted to invent a new way of worshipping Allah. Given this, any act of Ibadah must strictly be justified by al-Quran or Sunnah.
At this juncture, it is necessary to clarify some misconceptions with regards to the difference between Ibadah and culture. They are two different things that are treated in a different manner in Islam. For more understanding, I will summarize it hereunder.

Human actions could be categorized into two spheres or realms:

1- Natural spheres

This involves our worldly affairs which everybody shares in common. It includes food, drinks, clothes, houses, rides and some other modern technologies. With regards to this, the general rule is “everything is permissible” and the burden of proof lies with somebody who prAbusekinahohibits it. Islam does not dictate any preference to us concerning this category as long as it does not conflict with religious law. Although, this category could be converted into Ibadah with a good intention, but it is not an act of worship in the first place. So, basically, innovation (bid’a) cannot occur in this category.

2- Religious spheres

This is exactly the opposite of the worldly affairs. So, with regards to religious affairs, the general rule is “everything is impermissible” and the burden of proof lies upon somebody who practices it.

On this basis, we would say to the celebrants of Maulid al-Nabiy to substantiate this act with a proof from al-Quran or any authentic tradition of the Prophet that clearly supports this, or with any instance from the companions of the prophet or their followers up to the sixth century, when it first emerged. If Maulid Nabiy is an act of Ibadah, it would not have skipped the minds of these scholars, especially the first three generations of Islam. If truly the celebration of Maulid indicates one’s love for the Prophet, the companions of the Prophet would have been the first to do that. In fact, Abdullah ibn Umar, who is known for his personal ijtihad to imitate the Prophet in everything, to the point that he urinates where the Prophet urinated, would have been at the cutting edge of this act.

Having no precedent, we may conclude that the celebration of Maulid Nabiy is purely an innovated act of worship for which no one should expect a reward.

Allah knows best

By: Abu Sekinah
For: TariQQ Consult.

SHI'ITE VERSUS NIGERIAN ARMY.

SHI'ITE VERSUS NIGERIAN ARMY.

A thought Shared..

A close study of Al-Zakyzaky's activities in Zaria gives me an impression that the Chief of Army Staff, Lt-Gen. Tukur Buratai, might not necessarily be the target of the blockage of his convoy, it has been a normal occurrence of the group to block roads during processions.

Information available to me had it that the sect was firmly in control of the town that even the Emir dares not pass the same root when the profession is on, else, he risks being delayed for hours. I also read that the Governor of Sokoto State, Aminu Tambuwal has once fell victim of being delayed for close to three hours.

Disturbances of any kind by anybody or group of people is not acceptable and should be treated as such and that is why the continuous taking over of public roads by this group should be condemned.

Even when I agree that the military could have treated members of the group with much kindness, blockage of convoy of the COAS in itself was a SUICIDE MISSION.

I also agree that the Federal Government should quickly step in to avoid another insurgency in the country but members of the group and their sympathisers should thank God that they were not given Odi treatment, it could be more than that for blocking the military Chief.

                         By: Abu Tameem.
                       For TariQQ Consult.

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36 STATES OF NIGERIA & THEIR MEANING

MEANING OF THE 36 STATE CAPITALS IN NIGERIA

ABAKALIKI, Ebonyi
Known for its fine rice and irresistible yams,
Abakaliki is the capital of Ebonyi State in
southeastern Nigeria. The name of the city was
derived from Aba Nkaleke which is the name of a
community among the Izzi people, one of the
predominant ethnic groups in Ebonyi. Izziland is
also referred to as Nkaleke. Aba Nkaleke is also
translated to mean Main Abakaliki.

ABEOKUTA, Ogun
The name was derived from two Yoruba words ‘abe’
and ‘okuta’, which mean ‘under’ and ‘rock’ i.e under
the rock. The rock being referred to here is the
historic Olumo Rock which served as a place of
refuge and reconnaissance for the Egba people
during various wars.

ADO EKITI
‘Ekiti’ is a term that is said to denote a settlement
of many hills. Hills are common geographical
features in Ekitiland and are responsible for the
division of Ekitiland into smaller kingdoms and
subunits. Ado has been defined as a name for a
political society. History has it that when Ewi (King)
Awamaro conquered Ulesun community, he deposed
the ruling monarch Elesun and thereafter
established a new town that he named Ado,
meaning ‘here we encamp’.

AKURE, Ondo
The story behind the naming of Akure is an
interesting one indeed. According to oral folklore,
Akure was established by Prince Omoremi, the son
of Ekun and the grandson of Oduduwa Omoluabi,
believed to be the progenitor of the Yoruba race. At
a time, he left the royal city of Ile Ife in Osun State
looking for a place to settle after Oduduwa had
made him pass through a rigourous test in which he
was kept in solitary confinement for nine days (this
is still commemorated in Akure till date). When
Prince Omoremi entered the city that is now Akure,
the heavy royal beads on his neck were said to
have snapped or cut and the people exclaimed
‘Àkún rę’ meaning ‘the beads have snapped’. Over
time, the usage became constricted to become
Akure.

ASABA, Delta
Also referred to as Ani Mmili, the correct Igbo
pronunciation for Delta State’s capital city is Àhàbà.
Ahaba is derived from ‘ ahabagom ’, in the words of
Nnebisi, the founding father of Asaba. It means ‘I
have chosen well. ’ Former Nigerian First Lady,
Maryam Babangida was born in Asaba.

AWKA, Anambra
An exciting city, Awka is also spelt as Ọka. It is
believed that the first people to settle in Awka were
the Ifiteana people and their deity was Okanube (or
Okiki-na-ube). Thus, they were referred to as Umu-
Okanube meaning ‘worshippers of Okanube ’. Later,
this was shortened to Umu-Oka, and then its
present anglicized version, Oka, or Awka.

BAUCHI, Bauchi
Nicknamed the Pearl of Tourism. ‘Bauchi’ is Hausa
word meaning the southern flanks of Hausaland.
Tribes living in the southern parts of the Hausaland
were referred to as kasashen bauchi and the area
they lived in later came to be known simply as
Bauchi. Then, kasashen bauchi included the areas
that we now call Bauchi itself, Plateau State,
Northern Niger, Southern Sokoto (that includes Yauri
and Zuru) and Southern Kaduna (hello to my
Barnawa friends). It was a major center for the
slave raiders of the day. In another rendition, the
state was named for Baushe, a famous hunter who
settled there before the 19th century while another
states that ‘ bauchi’ is Hausa word for slavery since
it was a center for slave raiders. You decide.

BENIN CITY, Edo
It is reported that Benin as an empire-state was
administered by the Ogisos (Kings of the Sky). Upon
the demise of the last Ogiso, a fight broke out as to
who would assume the throne. A message was then
sent from Benin to Ife addressed to the Ooni of Ife,
Oba Oduduwa. It was said that the contents of the
letter was an appeal to the Ooni to send them a
king. The Ooni responded by sending his grandson,
Prince Oranmiyan who upon getting to Benin, had a
hard time adapting to the new environment. He was
then said to have changed the name of the city to
Ile Ibinu (meaning the Land of Anger) in Yoruba
language before storming out of the city.

BIRNIN KEBBI, Kebbi
Of all the 36, I find Kebbi particularly interesting
and controversial at the same time. According to
the Kebbi Chronicles, the state was founded as a
kingdom in 600 BCE by refugees escaping from the
Assyrian Empire after its conquest by forces from
Babylon and Medes. But that is not all o, in the
Chronicles, Mesopotamian kings were listed out as
the earliest ancestral kings of Kebbi. It was also
deduced that Kebbi (Kabawa) was derived from the
Holy Ka’aba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. You really need
to read up the scholarly and extremely detailed work
of Dierk Lange to get the full gist (see reference on
website). That said, Birnin is a Hausa word for
‘city’.

CALABAR, Cross River
Nigeria’s Paradise City is also called the Canaan
City. The seat of the Eastern Naval Command of the
Nigerian Navy, the meaning of Calabar is not
certain but Rosalind Hackett in her scholarly work,
Religion in Calabar: The Religious Life and History
of a Nigerian Town stated that Calabar might have
been derived from the Portuguese word calabarra or
calabaro which means ‘the bar is silent’, in a
reference to the calm waters of the estuary.
Considering the fact that the Portuguese were some
of the first Europeans to land in Nigeria, this may
not be an entirely implausible idea. However,
another suggestion is that Dutch explorers who also
frequented the area in the earlier times referred to
the place as Olde Carlburg which is German. Also,
when the British came, they pronounced Kalabari
(for the Kalabari people whose ancestor was Perebo
Kalabari) as Calabar, which later became the name
for Old Calabar, an Efik town. Whew!

DAMATURU, Yobe
Historically a base for pastoral Fulanis, Damaturu is
the capital of Yobe State. Turu is a kind of Fulani
drum (Turu can also mean the name of a Fulani
subethnic group) while Dama is the name of
another ethnic group.

DUTSE, Jigawa
This is quite straightforward. Dutse means ‘stone’ in
Hausa. It also means rocks and the name was
derived from the hilly rocks that encircled the town
of Garu, the headquarters of the Dutse Emirate.

ENUGU, Enugu
Also known as Nigeria’s coal city, Enugu derived its
name from two local words enu ugwu which means
‘top of the hill’. Amazingly, that itself is a derivative
of the village of Enugu Ngwo, which is located just
to the west of the city. Enugu City itself is not on
the hill, it is actually at the base of a plateau but
the village is situated right on top of the hill.

GOMBE, Gombe
Established as emirate during Jihad by Modibbo
Buba Yero, a Fulani warrior and student of Uthman
Dan Fodio in 1800, the modern-day Gombe State
was carved out of Bauchi State. Gombe was known
in the 1930s for its groundnuts and for cotton in the
1950s. Today nko? Gombe is mainly populated by
Fulanis and the state has been named ‘Gombe’
which is the dialect of Fulani language
(Fulfulde)spoken in the area.

GUSAU, Zamfara
The word was derived from the Hausa word ‘gusa’
which means ‘move’.

IBADAN, Oyo
Ibadan is a name derived from Yoruba words Ẹ̀bá-
Ọ̀dàn, which means ‘Edge of the Savannah.’

IKEJA, Lagos
Now, this is an interesting one. IKEJA is an
abbreviation that stands for Ikorodu and Epe Joint
Administration, a term that was used by the British
colonial masters to assist in the administration of
the Lagos colony.

ILORIN, Kwara
Ojo Isekuse is one of the legendary founders of
Ilorin. While he was alive, he worked with iron tools
and he had a special stone called Okuta Ilo Irin
(which means stone for sharpening metals, okuta
means stone, irin means metal or iro while lo is to
grind in Yoruba). The Ilorin is a contraction of the
Ilo Irin. The stone is located at the Asaju’s
Compound at Idi-Ape Quarters and can still be seen
till date. At a point, the stone was worshipped and
used as a site of ritual sacrifice.

JALINGO, Taraba
According to the book, The Emirates of Northern
Nigeria: A Preliminary Survey of their Historical
Traditions, Jalingo was derived from the Fulani
word which means ‘to conquer’.

JOS, Plateau
The original name for the city of Jos was Gwosh
which was actually the name of an old village that
was located at the site of the present-day Jos.
Another explanation has it that Jos is a shortened
form of ‘Jasad’ which meant ‘body’ in order to
distinguish it from the surrounding hill tops. It was
referred to as ‘Jas’ but when the British colonists
mispronounced it as ‘Jos’.

KADUNA, Kaduna
In Hausa language, kaduna means crocodiles, in
apparent reference to the ones living in the Kaduna
River. Simple. Kada is singular for crocodile.

KANO, Kano
The legendary Kano Emirate was said to have been
established around the AD 999 and it was named
after Kano, a blacksmith of the Gaya tribe who
settled in the area while sourcing for ironstone
(from which iron can be smelted) around the Dalla
Hill. Kano itself was initially called Dalla and would
eventually be captured by the rampaging British in
1903.

KATSINA, Katsina
Founded in cc. 1100, Katsina was named for
Katsina, the wife of Janzama, the local ruler at that
time. She was also a princess of Daura.

LAFIA, Nasarawa
Lafia means ‘peace’.

LOKOJA, Kogi
There are various explanations for the meaning of
Lokoja. A 1986 publication of the Journal of the
Historical Society of Nigeria states that according
to tradition, the origin of Lokoja can be traced to
one of the kings of the Patti, a hill-top settlement.
This king was named Oki and he called his town
Olo Koja (which means the Strong). In the local
Oworo languages, there is another version where
Lokoja is said to mean ‘ a fine place that has men
attracted to it ’. There is another Nupe explanation
that renders it as Patti Lakonji meaning ‘Hill of the
Dove’. But that is not all, Baikie speakers say
Lokoja means ‘ the tree with the red bark. ’ The
Yoruba version states that it is derived from Ilu Oke
Oja meaning ‘country of the scattered villages’.
Now, pick yours! Lol!

MAIDUGURI, Borno
Duguri is a Kanuri word which means ‘ bottom’ or
‘low ’. Borno is one of the two Kanuri-majority states
in Nigeria. The other is Yobe. Mai means king. You

MAKURDI, Benue
Established in the early 1920s, Makurdi is renowned
as one of the food baskets of Nigeria. Makurdi is a
river port and is older than the state itself which
was created in 1976. The first settlers in the area
were Hausas and the name of the city was derived
from the Hausa word ‘kurdi ’ which means a flow of
water from a central point to create a lagoon, in
reference to the swift flow of water from the Benue
River. Kurdi itself was coined from kurdawa.
However, an alternate explanation states that it
means Mai Kudi, meaning ‘a person who has
money’, also of Hausa origin.

MINNA, Niger
Minna is the corrupted form of myina, a Gwari word
meaning ‘ to spread fire ’. The word itself can be
traced back to the ancient annual ritual bonfire and
festival celebrated in front of the Gwari chief’s
residence on top of the Paida Hill. Some of the
most prominent Gwari indigenes from the state
including former heads of state and army generals
Abubakar Abdulsalami and Ibrahim Babangida.

OSHOGBO (OSOGBO), Osun
Osogbo is said to be translated to mean
‘misfortune’ or in another variant, Oso Igbo , the
goddess of the Osun River, after which the state
itself was named.

OWERRI, Imo
The proper name of the capital of Imo State is
Owere but it has been anglicized to Owerri. History
has it that the city was founded in the 14 TH century
by Ekwem Oha. Ekwem had fled from Umuori Village
in Uratta when an argument broke out with his
younger brother, Ndum, over the funeral cow of their
late dad. Over fears that Ndum wanted to
assassinate him over disagreement on how to share
the cow, Ekwem, who was the first son, fled to
Egbu, a neighbouring town where he settled.
However, his sister was not too comfortable at
Egbu thinking that Ndum could still kill him there
and told him to move further. Thus, one night,
assisted by an owa (native torch) he left Egbu with
some assistants and headed to an unknown
destination where they eventually settled
permanently far from the sight of the devious
Ndum. This new place was on a hill and was called
Ugwu Ekema. Tired after the long journey, upon
reaching the hill top they cried out in excitement:
‘Owere la ihe maraya aka’
Meaning: He has taken what is his right, or what
rightly belonged to him.
Thereafter, he beat the drums as his sister had
advised so that they could know his new location.
Thereafter, she went to his new location and they
celebrated.

PORT HARCOURT, Rivers
Port Harcourt was named after Lewis Vernon
Harcourt, 1ST Viscount Harcourt who was then the
Colonial Secretary (Secretary of State of the
Colonies since 1910 to 1915) in charge of the area.
Upon the establishment of the port in 1912, there
was a furore as to what name to give it. In August
1913, Sir Frederick Lugard, the Governor-General
wrote to Harcourt: “…in the absence of any
convenient local name, I would respectfully ask your
permission to call this Port Harcourt.” To which he
replied: “It gives me pleasure to accede to your
suggestion that my name should be associated with
the new Port.

SOKOTO, Sokoto
Named after the defunct Sokoto Caliphate, an
empire that stretched from Burkina Faso to
Cameroon. The Caliphate itself once consisted of
more than 30 different emirates. Sokoto (or
Sakwatto) is the anglicized version of the Arabic
word ‘suk’ which means ‘market’ or ‘place of
commerce’. Sakwatto Birnin Shehu da Bello means
Sokoto, the Capital of Shehu and Bello, in reference
to Shehu Usman Dan Fodio, the founder of the
Caliphate and first Sultan of Sokoto. Mohammed
Bello was his son and second Sultan. Upon his
death, his brother, Abu Bakr Atiku took over.

UMUAHIA, Abia
The name ‘Umuahia’ started off as a Central Market
Post referred to as Ama Ahia which means
market place. With time, the name was transformed
to become what it is called today: Umuahia.

UYO, Akwa Ibom
Uyo is named for the wild apple fruit called uyo in
the area. Uyo people from Edik were said to have
settled in the area in search of the uyo which was
commonly found in the area as an indigenous. The
uyo fruit is edible, has medicinal properties and in
fact, it is used in making a popular dish and it is
called ‘Efere Mbukpap Uyo’.

YENAGOA, Bayelsa
Yenagoa was named after Yenagoa, one of the
most popular traditional market centers. Others
include Lobia, Patani, Tereke, Iwoama and
Igwueama.

YOLA, Adamawa
Yola is derived from the Fulfulde (the language of
the Fulanis is called Fulfulde) word yolde meaning
‘an extensive rising ground’, or an elevated point.

FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY
 Nigeria’s capital city took its name
from the ancient Hausa emirate of Abuja which
itself was in turn named after a fortified settlement
near Zuba by Abu(bakar) Ja in 1828 (meaning Abu
the Red (or Fair-Skinned like some Fulanis), ja is the
word for red or fair-complexioned in Hausa). In
1976, a panel headed by Justice Akinola Aguda
selected Abuja as the new capital as Lagos was
then suffering from overcongestion. Abuja was
originally established by the ruling Hausa dynasty
of Zaria in the 1600s. And did I tell you? ABJ is
Nigeria’s first planned city.


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DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN NIQAB, HIJAB & KHIMAAR

DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN NIQOB, HIJAB AND KHIMAR

Hijaab in Arabic means covering or concealing. Hijaab is the name of something that is used to cover. Everything that comes between two things is hijaab.

Hijaab means everything that is used to cover something and prevent anyone from reaching it, such as curtains, door keepers and garments, etc.

Khimaar comes from the word khamr, the root meaning of which is to cover. For example, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Khammiru aaniyatakum (cover your vessels).” Everything that covers something else is called its khimaar.

But in common usage khimaar has come to be used as a name for the garment with which a woman covers her head; in some cases this does not go against the linguistic meaning of khimaar.

Some of the fuqahaa’ have defined it as that which covers the head, the temples and the neck.

The difference between the hijaab and the khimaar is that the hijaab is something which covers all of a woman’s body, whilst the khimaar in general is something with which a woman covers her head.

Niqaab is that with which a woman veils her face (tantaqib)…

The difference between hijaab and niqaab is that the hijaab is that which covers all the body, whilst niqaab is that which covers a woman’s face only.

The woman’s dress as prescribed in sharee’ah (“Islamic dress”) is that which covers her head, face and all of her body.

But the niqaab or burqa’ – which shows the eyes of the woman – has become widespread among women, and some of them do not wear it properly. Some scholars have forbidden wearing it on the grounds that it is not Islamic in origin, and because it is used improperly and people treat it as something insignificant, demonstrating negligent attitudes towards it and using new forms of niqaab which are not prescribed in Islam, widening the opening for the eyes so that the cheeks, nose and part of the forehead are also visible.

Therefore, if the woman’s niqaab or burqa’ does not show anything but the eyes, and the opening is only as big as the left eye, as was narrated from some of the salaf, then that is permissible, otherwise she should wear something which covers her face entirely.

Shaykh Muhammad al-Saalih al-‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:

The hijaab prescribed in sharee’ah means that a woman should cover everything that it is haraam for her to show, i.e., she should cover that which it is obligatory for her to cover, first and foremost of which is the face, because it is the focus of temptation and desire.

A woman is obliged to cover her face in front of anyone who is not her mahram (blood relative to whom marriage is forbidden). From this we learn that the face is the most essential thing to be covered. There is evidence from the Book of Allaah and the Sunnah of His Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and the views of the Sahaabah and the imams and scholars of Islam, which indicates that women are obliged to cover all of their bodies in front of those who are not their mahrams.

Fataawa al-Mar’ah al-Muslimah, 1/ 391, 392)

Shaykh Saalih al-Fawzaan (may Allaah preserve him) said:

The correct view as indicated by the evidence is that the woman’s face is ‘awrah which must be covered. It is the most tempting part of her body, because what people look at most is the face, so the face is the greatest ‘awrah of a woman. This is in addition to the shar’i evidence which states that it is obligatory to cover the face.

For example, Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And tell the believing women to lower their gaze (from looking at forbidden things), and protect their private parts (from illegal sexual acts) and not to show off their adornment except only that which is apparent (like both eyes for necessity to see the way, or outer palms of hands or one eye or dress like veil, gloves, headcover, apron), and to draw their veils all over Juyoobihinna (i.e. their bodies, faces, necks and bosoms)…”

[al-Noor 24:31]

Drawing the veil all over the juyoob implies covering the face.

When Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) was asked about the aayah (interpretation of the meaning):

“O Prophet! Tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to draw their cloaks (veils) all over their bodies”

[al-Ahzaab 33:59] –

he covered his face, leaving only one eye showing. This indicates that what was meant by the aayah was covering the face. This was the interpretation of Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) of this aayah, as narrated from him by ‘Ubaydah as-Salmaani when he asked him about it.

In the Sunnah there are many ahaadeeth, such as: the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “The woman in ihraam is forbidden to veil her face (wearniqaab) or to wear the burqa’.” This indicates that when women were not in ihraam, women used to cover their faces.

This does not mean that if a woman takes off her niqaab or burqa’ in the state of ihraam that she should leave her face uncovered in the presence of non-mahram men. Rather she is obliged to cover it with something other than the niqaab or burqa’, on the evidence of the hadeeth of ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) who said: “We were with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) in ihraam, and when men passed by us, we would lower the khimaar on our heads over our faces, and when they moved on we would lift it again.”

Women in ihraam and otherwise are obliged to cover their faces in front of non-mahram men, because the face is the center of beauty and it is the place that men look at… and Allaah knows best.

Fataawa al-Mar’ah al-Muslimah, 1/396, 397

He also said:

It is OK to cover the face with the niqaab or burqa’ which has two openings for the eyes only, because this was known at the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), and because of necessity. If nothing but the eyes show, this is fine, especially if this is customarily worn by women in her society.

Fataawa al-Mar’ah al-Muslimah, 1/399. 

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BEFORE YOU GO INTO RELATIONSHIP

BEFORE YOU CHOOSE  A LIFE PARTNER?

TAKE A BREAK TO DIGEST THIS GUIDELINES

Dear Brothers and Sisters,

Settling down or building a good and happy family is not a job of a day but starts a day and with just a decision which is saying to yourself that THIS IS WHO I AM GOING TO MARRY and you meant it. Wait a minute! Did you just proposed to her? This is surely a decision that will determine a long way you will be journeying once you finally achieve it.

Choosing a partner nowadays is getting more easy and easy but this actually leads so many young men and women to their graves before death. Islam don’t joke with boy-girl relationship and that is why JOKE is prohibited when it comes to seeing a lady and pronouncing your emotional thought to her or wooing her. The ease of finding a partner leads to falling into the hands of wrong partners who you might not have discovered are CARS WITHOUT ENGINES.

These little guidelines could be a help to you....

Let me be very raw and sincere with you.

Do not worry about the size of a woman's buttock or breast but

worry about the size of her heart and brain.

Worry about the size of her love and endurance.

Because after 5 or 10 years, it will not be about the breast or buttock.

As you can see, your mum now has a flat chest and

almost flat buttock. If your dad and mum still lives together happily today, then they still loves eachother as ever. This was because your dad got it right to have chosen her. You can ask your dad why he really chose your mum.

Be careful of a woman that loves money. I mean the woman that talks ‘every time’ about her hair, cloths, shoes, bags, panties and make-ups. Marriage is not all about these things. Without make-up, cloths, shoes and panties, a good marriage will still stand but without love, no marriage can stand. When your dad married mum, he might not have a car or house of his own. He might not even attended any school or has good educated. But he had dreams and she appreciated and supported him. Any woman that does not support your dream is not worth thinking a minute about. There are women that will see your dreams better than you, you are lucky if you find one.

There is a kind of woman you should avoid, do not make a mistake to marry this kind of woman or you will regret it. I mean a woman that always have bad things to say about everyone. If you see this kind of woman, run away. One of the worst kind of woman you can marry is the one that complains about everything. If you buy this,she says you should have bought that, if you do this, she says you should have done that. Please stay away!Most women enjoy talking but the one who talks for two hours and listen for two minutes is a potential ‘bomb’.

Be wise!

Be very careful of a pretending partner. A pretending woman is not hard to know. She will always know everything about everything, just close your eyes and open your heart and you will see! No woman is perfect. 

If you see a woman who believes in your dream , who respects you, who is committed and who is not all about herself alone, then don’t let her go. A WOMAN WHO CANNOT SERVE ALLAH WITH YOU IS NOT A GOOD WOMAN FOR YOU NO MATTER WHAT.

But remember, you must not be a wayward man. Be righteous and self-discipline! If a woman was forcefully given in marriage by her parents to a man she hearty disagreed to be with, such marriage is considered null and void. Be there no doubt that Islam respects women in all forms and they must not be treated otherwise once they stands where religion places them. If you find a good woman but you are a bad man, YOU WONT HAVE A GOOD MARRIAGE! If you have a good marriage, YOU WONT BE ABLE TO RAISE A GOOD HOME. If you manage to build a fairly good home, HOW WILL YOU HAVE A GOOD ENDING? Surely every decision lies with God.

MAY YOU FIND A WOMAN THAT WILL INCREASE YOU IN PIETY, GOODNESS AND PEACE & MAY GOD ASSIST YOU IN YOUR SEARCH…… Ameen.

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BEWARE OF 7 TYPES OF WOMEN

 BEWARE OF 7 TYPES OF WOMEN

Every right thinking young youths keeps to his/herself to settle down and raise family of his/her own one day because no one wishes to be like a passing snake over a rock who leaves no footprints. We all wants contunity to our tribes and wants to have a reciplical amongst generation to come, and we also wants to fulfill one of the aims of being created which is reciprocation.  Many are very please and happy whenever we come accross happy, tranquile and well doing family, we so much desires to build a family as such, or but not many put in mind laying a good foundation requires marrying the right woman. When choosing a beware of seven types of women.

  ① AL-ANNAANAH: The woman who WHINES,
MOANS and COMPLAINS and ‘ties a band around
her head’ all the time (i.e. complains of a
headache or some illness but in reality she is not
sick, rather she is faking).

② AL-MANNAANAH: The woman who bestows
FAVOURS, gifts, etc. upon her husband then (at
that time or the future) SAYS; “I did such and such
for you or on your behalf or because of you.

③ AL-HANNAANAH: The women who YEARNS or
CRAVES for her FORMER HUSBAND or children of
the former husband.

④ KAY’ATUL-QAFAA: The women who has a brand
mark on the nape of her neck (i.e. has a BAD
REPUTATION or doubts about her).

⑤ AL-HADDAAQAH: The women who cast her eyes
at things (i.e. always looking at SOMETHING to
PURCHASE, then desires it and requires her
husband to buy it (No Matter What).

⑥ AL-BARRAAQAH: The women who spends much
of her day ENHANCING her FACE and beautifying it
to such an extent that it will seem like it was
manufactured.

➆ AL-SHADDAAQAH: The woman who talks
excessively…

[Taken from: ‘A Concise Manual of Marriage’ by
Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen]

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10 THINGS YOUR EYES SAY ABOUT YOU

               10 THINGS YOUR EYES SAY ABOUT YOU

"Simply by looking in someone's eyes, we can see things like arteries, veins, and nerves, which are a reflection of what's going on in the rest of the body," says Rahul Khurana, MD, a retina specialist in northern California. That's why the American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends everyone get a baseline eye exam by age 40, if not before (if everything looks good, your doctor can decide how often you should follow up). The benefit, of course, is easily catching potential problems early on. Here, 10 important health conditions your eyes can signal.

1. You're Seriously Stressed

Notice your vision blurring whenever you work late? Staring at your computer screen may not actually be the culprit. Stress has been linked with fluid buildup under the retina (the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that filters images and sends them to the brain), which results in hazy vision. A study published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology found that 37 percent of subjects suffering from this ailment (called Central Serous Retinopathy) had dealt with "elevated stress" shortly before being diagnosed, and animal studies show that a shot of adrenaline, which our bodies release in high-pressure situations, could trigger the condition. The good news: For most people, blurry vision resolves itself within three to four months.

2. You Have High Blood Pressure

Hypertension is known as the "silent killer" because the condition, which can lead to heart disease or a stroke if untreated, has no visible symptoms. Except, that is, in the eyes. High blood pressure can trigger changes in the retina's tiny blood vessels—causing them to narrow or balloon—which can signal problems with bigger vessels that supply the heart, brain, and kidneys. If your eye doctor notices this, get to a cardiologist, stat: A study in the Journal of the American Medical Association linked retinal changes with an elevated risk of heart failure. (Keep your blood pressure in check with these 13 ways to lower your blood pressure naturally.)

3. You Should Eat More Carrots

If you're having trouble seeing at night, you might need to load up on orange veggies and protein. Night vision issues are common in people whose diets are short on vitamin A, which is found in foods like carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, and beef. Too little vitamin A can mean a decrease in a pigment called rhodopsin, which controls how the eye perceives light. The fix: Get at least 700 mcg of vitamin A daily, the recommended amount for adult women.

4. You're Suffering From Inflammation

You've been waking up with achy, bloodshot eyes for a week, but you've been logging 8 hours of sleep every night and avoiding alcohol. What gives? The pain and redness may be a sign of uveitis–inflammation within the eye—and it can signal inflammation elsewhere in your body. The condition, which flares up when the immune system attacks its own tissues, is a marker in ailments from psoriasis and Crohn's to rheumatoid arthritis; the latter causes eye-related symptoms in 25 percent of sufferers. "When inflammation manifests itself in the eye, that often tips us off to other conditions," says Khurana.

5. Your Thyroid Is Wonky

If your go-to self expression is more deer-in-headlights than duckface, you may want to get your thyroid checked. Graves Disease, the most common cause of bulging eyes, is triggered when the thyroid gland goes into overdrive and produces hormones that attack muscles and tissues within the eye socket (a condition called hyperthyroidism). Women are especially at risk for Graves; it affects them five to six times more than men and causes eye-related complications in more than 50 percent of sufferers.

6. Your IQ Is Impressive…Or Not

Did you ace most of your college classes? Breeze through War and Peace? The blood vessels in your retina might be to thank. A 2013 study published in the journal Psychological Science found that the appearance of those vessels can determine your cognitive abilities. The study looked at the retinal vessels of adults in their 30s; people with narrower ones fared better on verbal comprehension and memory tests, while their wide-vesseled counterparts were found to have lower IQ scores, even after accounting for health and lifestyle risk factors. "The small vessels in the eye may reflect the condition of vessels inside the brain because they share similar size, structure and function," says Idan Shalev, PhD, an assistant professor of biobehavioral health at Penn State University and one of the study's authors. "They provide a window to study the health of the brain." (The next step for scientists: finding out why wider vessels are associated with poorer brain function.)

7. You Have Diabetes

According to the American Diabetes Association, 30 million Americans suffer from the disease, but only about 8 million have been diagnosed. A simple eye exam can alert you to the problem: A 2014 study commissioned by United Healthcare found that diabetes is the chronic health condition most likely to be identified during an eye exam. That's because high blood sugar levels can manifest in several places in the eye, such as weakening blood vessels in the retina, causing protein to leak into the macula (the part of the eye responsible for focusing), and blocking oxygen and nutrients from getting to the back of the eye. And while diabetes-related retinal damage is the main cause of vision loss in Americans aged 20 to 74, don't fear: If the condition is caught early—and if you manage your blood sugar levels properly—the condition is unlikely to progress.

8. You Have Allergies

Are you battling under-eye circles that no amount of concealer can cover? Allergic rhinitis, which affects one in seven Americans and causes inflammation of the mucous membranes in the nose, could be the cause. Breathing in anything from pollen to pet hair can clog sinuses and trigger a reaction that causes blood to pool under the eyes (the thinnest-skinned spot on your body), which results in a bruise-like "allergic shiner." Thankfully, the problem can usually be fixed by popping an antihistamine.

9. You're Depressed

Do you have trouble tearing your gaze away from sad pictures in the newspaper? The urge to avert your eyes (or not) can be a tipoff to your mental health. Studies that have tracked eye movements of people with mental illness—think anxiety, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder—found that they have different gazing patterns (i.e., they tend to look at certain things longer, or not as long) than their healthy counterparts. A 2013 study in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology, for example, found that depressed people took significantly longer to look away from photos of "negative stimuli," like sad faces, versus those who aren't depressed. Researchers theorize that people display a bias toward images that reflect their state of mind.

10. Your Nervous System Is Out Of Whack

When it comes to nerve disorders like multiple sclerosis, the eyes can provide an early clue that something's wrong. That's because the optic nerve, which sits at the back of the eye and transmits details about what you see to the brain, is part of the central nervous system, the same network that MS affects. Inflammation in the nerve, called optic neuritis, is diagnosed in as many as 75 percent of MS patients, and in up to a quarter of cases, it's the first sign (along with blurred vision and pain when you move your eyes) that something is amiss.

FACT FILE

*****F  A  C  T         F  I  L  E*******

Eye opening article in saudi newspaper
I will not apologize!
by Khaled Almaeena

The Paris attacks that killed 130 people and injured
hundreds of others are still capturing headlines.
They also occupy the top spot in social media the world
over.

The attack came days after suicide bombers blew up about
40 people in a Beirut suburb and before that a Russian
plane was blown up over Sinai killing more than 200
people. Daesh (the self-proclaimed IS) took responsibility
for all of these murderous acts.

I received several phone calls from Western journalists
asking for the Saudi point of view on these murderous
attacks to which my reply was that all of us condemn these
inhumane and ugly acts which do not serve any purpose,
but on the contrary malign our society and our religion.
One caller asked if we will apologize. I almost screamed at
him. Apologize for what?!

 Are we responsible for the
actions of mysterious groups that destroy and kill?
Are we responsible for all the evil acts being committed and
falsely attributed to Islam?! I am not going to apologize, I
said.
Let an international investigation be conducted and the
findings made public. I am not a believer in conspiracy
theories, but since the 9/11 attack until now many
questions remain unanswered.

How is it that after every major incident a passport is found
intact?
As if people walk the streets with their passports in their
pockets and the passports are made of nonflammable
material that is resistant to fires and bomb attacks.
In New York, it was a Saudi passport; in Paris it was a
Syrian passport which later was found to be a fake and
there were 11 passports with the same name and number!

We have had enough of preachers of hate and ignorant
politicians inciting animosity against Muslims and ranting
anti-Islamic rhetoric that is racist and full of hate.
Enough of ignorant people going on the rampage uttering
jingoistic chants forgetting the complicity of their own
governments in creating Al-Qaeda and Daesh-like
organizations and propping up dictatorships in the region,
dismantling armies and social order and creating vacuum
that led to strife.

I stand with the entire world in condemning the wanton,
ruthless and mindless destruction of innocent human lives,
but please do not ask me to apologize for something for
which I am not responsible.

Have the Jews apologized for Netanyahu’s daily massacre
of Palestinians?

Has the Dalai Lama and Aung San Suu Kyi apologized for
the brutal holocaust inflicted on the Muslims of Myanmar?

Has Indian Prime Minister Modi apologized for the
massacre of Muslims in Gujarat or the lynching of people
alleged to have eaten beef?

Have Bush, Blair, Rumsfeld, Cheney, Wolfowitz and Bremer
apologized for the death of a million Iraqis?

While the world rises up in arms against the cowardly
murders of the innocent in Paris, no one protested when
over a 100 Turks were blown to bits by Daesh in Ankara.

This selective grief is not palatable to me and to many
around the world.
These acts are carried out by people
who are supposedly Muslims, but are mostly managed by
shadowy groups operating under the umbrella of Western
agencies.

They do not represent us.
I am not guilty, and therefore,
I will not apologize!
The writer is Editor-at-Large.
He can be reached at kalmaeena@saudigazette.com.sa

                  Shared by:  TariQQ Consult.

MUQATTA'AT

MUQATTA'AT:
The Secret Revelations

Muqatta'at (Arabic: مقطعات‎) are unique letter combinations that appear in the beginning of 29 suras (chapters) of the Qur'an. Muqatta'at literally means abbreviated or shortened. Their meanings remain unclear and are considered by most Muslims to be divine secrets.

They are all fawātih (فواتح) or "openers" as they form the opening verse of their respective suras. Other names include the broken, dis-joined,initial, or isolated letters of the Qur'an.

Of the 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet, exactly one half appear as muqatta'at, either singly or in combinations of two, three, four or five letters. The fourteen (1⃣4⃣) letters are: أ ح ر س ص ط ع ق ك ل م ن هـ ي (alif, ha, ra, sin, sad, ta, ain, qaf, kaf, lam, mim, nun, hha, ya).

Muqatta'at can be found in the following combination:


الم  ALif Lam Meem,
المر  ALif Lam Meem Ra,
المص  Alif Lam Meem Sad,
الر  Alif Lam Ra,
حم  Ha Meem,
حم  Ha Meem Ayn Sin Qaf,
كهيعص  Kaf Haa Ya Ayn Sad,
يس  Ya Seen,
طه  Ta Haa,
طس  Ta Seen,
طسم  Ta Seen Meem,
 ص Sad
ق Qaf
ن  Noon.

1⃣4⃣ letters make the muqatta'at and their combinations are also 1⃣4⃣, as they appear in the opening of 29 suwar which is approximately 1⃣/4⃣ (¼) of the Qur'anic chapters.

Scholars have given many opinions on the muqatta'at; meanwhile below are some formation made from its 1⃣4⃣ letters:

📝 Some one has coined a phrase by joining these words:
سر لحكيم نصه قطعا
"A secret of a sage who explained it in piecemeal."

This phrase can be considered as a key to the fawatih of the Qur'an.

 📝 Another scholar formed the following phrase:
صح طريقك مع السنة
"Follow the path of Sunnah.”

******
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                      OFFENSES

In the Shariah, offenses were divided into those against God and those against man. Crimes against God violated His Hudud, or ‘boundaries,’ and were offenses whose punishments were specified by the Quran and, in some cases, the Hadiths, such as the punishment of certain kinds of theft by amputating a hand, punishing adultery by stoning and sexual slander by lashing. Because these offenses were affronts against a merciful God, the evidentiary standards were often impossibly high.

Moreover, the Prophet ordered Muslim judges to ‘ward off the Hudud [punishments] by ambiguities.’ The severe Hudud punishments were meant to convey the gravity of those offenses against God and to deter, not to be carried out.

If a thief refused to confess, or if a confessed adulterer retracted his confession, the Hudud punishments would be waived.

This did not entail that the culprit escaped justice. Circumstantial evidence, such as a witness to the theft or finding the stolen good in the thief’s possession, could lead the judge to find him guilty of wrongful appropriation (ghasb). The wronged party could reclaim their possession or receive compensation for its value plus damages entailed. This coexistence of two legal wrongs identical in fact but subject to two very different standards of evidence and punishment is analogous to the relationship between the crime of theft and the tort of conversion in common law. While the first requires evidence of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt and can be punished with prison, the second only needs a preponderance of evidence and carries monetary damages.

 In cases that fell below the Hudud category in the Shariah, judges regularly assigned lesser punishments such as a beating, prison or public humiliation.

Shariah judges did not perceive applying lighter punishments as compensation for a design flaw in God’s law. Rather, they felt they were obeying the Prophet’s infallible command to find some means to move a crime from the harsh realm of the Hudud to the lower level of offenses that a judge could punish at his discretion. This was a priority for the ulama.

In fifteenth-century Cairo, when the Mamluk sultan’s men caught a royal administrator ‘embracing’ a mistress, and the couple confessed to fornicating, the sultan himself took an interest in the impending execution. When the couple then retracted their confession, the senior Shariah judge in Cairo was sent into exile for insisting – correctly, other ulama affirmed – that the couple’s sentence had to be commuted and that ‘whoever executes them should be executed in turn.’

Offenses against man included murder, manslaughter, injuring someone intentionally or accidentally or damaging property. These were not necessarily less serious than offenses against God in terms of the harm they caused; murder is arguably more grievous than slander, yet the latter is a Hudud offense and the former is not. God could forgive wrongs against Himself, but offenses against man involved a person whose rights had been infringed. Earthly torts must be redressed.

In the adjudication of injuries, victims or their kin won either the right to request retaliatory punishment against the perpetrator (a murderer would be executed by the court) or, more often, financial compensation from the perpetrator (the family of a murder victim received one thousand gold coins, for example). If an injured party did not want to accept monetary compensation for their injury, he could request that the court inflict an ‘eye for an eye’ punishment on the offender.

Recommendation:

Personally you can also get the book:
"Misquoting Muhammad" - By: Jonathan A.C. Brown.


Rewarding Message.

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